Strategic Management Analysis of Saudi Aramco Ltd.

To: Prof. Dr. M. Mahmodul Hasan. Course Instructor, Faculty of Business, AIUB. Re: Submission of Term Paper on Saudi Aramco. Dear Sir, It is a grand contentment for us that we have been capable to submit the report. It’s been an enormous practice for us to bring about such a job and we took pleasure in the whole term paper making actions. We tried our degree best with our knowledge to make a full pledged report by analyzing all the available information. We hope that we have fulfilled all the requirements you have asked for. We would be delighted if you kindly accept the report and oblige us thereby.On behalf of the group ‘Jeener Badshah’ With Best Regards, Plaban Roy. Id. No. 11-94732-2. MBA Course: Strategic Management. Section: A. Department of Business Administration. Contents of term-paper as follows: 1. Acknowledgement Letter 2. Executive Summary 3. Definition of Strategy 4. Most Strategic Management Model 5. Company Detailed Profile including mission & visi on and Organogram 6. PESTEL, SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 7. SWAN Analysis & TWOS Matrix 8. Value Chain Analysis 9. ViSA Model & SMARTER Model 10. The BCG chart 11.PURE Objectives & GREAT Model 12. Market Analysis including Market Segmentation 13. EFE Matrix 14. CPM Matrix 15. QSPM Analysis 16. Financial Analysis 17. Competitor Analysis 18. Breakeven Analysis 19. KSF Analysis (Industry Key Success Factors) 20. Strategy Evaluation and Contingency Plan 21. Recommendation 22. Conclusion 23. References 2. Executive summary: Saudi Aramco (Arabic: ?Aramko s-Sa? udiyyah), officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is a Saudi Arabian national oil and natural gas company based in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.Saudi Aramco's value has been estimated at up to US$10 trillion in the Financial Times, making it the world's most valuable company. Saudi Aramco has both the largest proven crude oil reserves, at more than 260 billion barrels (4. 1? 1010  m3), and largest daily oil producti on. Headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco operates the world's largest single hydrocarbon network, the Master Gas System. Its yearly production is 7. 9 billion barrels (1. 26? 109  m3), and it managed over 100 oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia, including 279 trillion standard cubic feet (scf) of natural gas reserves.Saudi Aramco owns the Ghawar Field, the world's largest oil field, and the Shaybah Field, one of the world's largest oil fields. Operations: Saudi Aramco is headquartered in Dhahran; and its operations span the globe which include exploration, producing, refining, chemicals, distribution and marketing. Objective of the study: 24. PESTEL, SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 25. SWAN Analysis ; TWOS Matrix 26. Value Chain Analysis 27. ViSA Model ; SMARTER Model 28. The BCG chart 29. PURE Objectives ; GREAT Model 30. Market Analysis including Market Segmentation 31.EFE Matrix 32. CPM Matrix 33. QSPM Analysis 34. Financial Analysis 35. Competitor Analysis 36. Breakeven Analysis 37. KSF Analysis (Industry Key Success Factors) 38. Strategy Evaluation and Contingency Plan 39. Strategy Evaluation and Contingency Plan 3. Definition of strategy: Strategy (Greek â€Å" † – strategia, â€Å"art of troop leader; office of general, command, generalship†) is a high level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty. Strategy becomes ever necessary when it is known or suspected there are insufficient resources to achieve these goals.Strategy is also about attaining and maintaining a position of advantage over adversaries through the successive exploitation of known or emergent possibilities rather than committing to any specific fixed plan designed at the outset. Henry Mintzberg from McGill University defined strategy as â€Å"a pattern in a stream of decisions† to contrast with a view of strategy as planning [2] while Max McKeown (2011) argues that â€Å"strategy is about shaping the fu ture† and is the human attempt to get to â€Å"desirable ends with available means†. Good Strategy + Good Strategy Execution = Good Management . Most strategic management model: 1. PEST analysis 2. STEER Analysis 3. Five Forces Model 4. Strategic Group Map 5. SWOT analysis 6. Blue Ocean Strategies 7. Open innovation 8. seven S model 5. Company detailed profile including mission ; vision: The world’s need for energy is growing, but so too is our ability to meet that demand. Our teams have been discovering new and better ways of delivering petroleum energy since 1933. Find out more about our leadership, our history and the people who make us the world’s leading integrated petroleum enterprise.Who we are Not only is Saudi Aramco the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are also a fully integrated,  global petroleum and chemicals enterprise  and a world leader in exploration, production, refining, distribution, shipping and marketing. We manage the world’s  largest proven conventional crude oil and condensate reserves  of 259. 7 billion barrels. Our average daily crude production in 2011 was 9. 1 million barrels per day (bpd). We also have stewardship over the  world’s fourth-largest natural gas reserves  of 282. trillion standard cubic feet (scf). Saudi Aramco’s downstream accomplishments include our rank as the8th largest refiner in the world, with a worldwide refining capacity of 4. 02 million barrels per day (including domestic refineries, and domestic and international joint and equity ventures). We are also theworld’s top exporter of natural gas liquids  (NGL). Headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco and its subsidiaries have offices throughout the Kingdom. We also have offices in North America, Europe and Asia.Our subsidiaries and affiliates are located in Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, India, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the United Ara b Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. Our operations span the Kingdom, including its territorial waters in the Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea, with production and distribution linking all market areas around the world. Vision: * Future of energy * Reliable supply * Contributing to the economy * Developing human potential * Sustainability * Wellness Powering possibilitiesAt Saudi Aramco we’re leading the drive to solve some of the issues that matter most to the global energy industry. We consider it our responsibility – to the Kingdom and the world. Transforming for the Future By 2020, Saudi Aramco will have evolved from being the leading oil and gas company that it is today, into a  fully integrated, truly global energy and chemicals enterprise  with extensive operations across the globe. What we aim to be tomorrow will facilitate a  diversified and sustainable expansion  of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s economy and enable a globally compet itive and vibrant Saudi energy sector.Our vision for the future is best described through the company’s 2020 Strategic Intent: * Shaping our business portfolio through  establishing an integrated value chain approach  in our crude oil mix, further develop the Kingdom’s unconventional gas resources and become a leading global chemicals and refining company. * Supporting the Kingdom in building a vibrant energy industry by promoting an energy efficient economy,  developing alternative energy options, and building a technology portfolio. Delivering an agile, flexible, and efficient organization  to achieve operational excellence and world-class reliability and safety performance through improved operational efficiency, agile decision-making and budgeting activities, insightful performance measurements, and business process improvement. * Building capacity, knowledge, and skills to improve our processes and systems of leadership selection and development, performan ce evaluation, innovation, and research and development. We will take the lead in developing a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia.In short, we aim to unlock the potential of our people and our enterprise to transform from a company of which the Kingdom is proud into a company of which the world is proud. 6. Five Forces Model The five forces model is a framework that analysts use to evaluate the interior factors affecting competition and the external factors affecting bargaining power. This helps to understand the industry and what strategies are needed to gain a competitive advantage Rivalry Among Existing Firms (Low) 1. Threat of New Entrants 2. Threat of Substitute Products 3. Bargaining Power of Customers . Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Suppliers * High competition among suppliers | | | | * Volume is critical to suppliers | Bargaining Power of Customers | | * Product is important to customer| | * Large number of customers | Intensity of Existing Rivalry * Government limits competition| | * Large industry size | | | Threat of Substitutes * Substitute is lower quality | | * Substitute has lower performance | | * Limited number of substitutes| Threat of New Competitors * Strong distribution network required| | * High capital requirements| | * High learning curve | | Entry barriers are high | SWOT analysis Strengths * Spending on alternative energy. * Investment in high profile project. Weaknesses * Declining sales of refined products, resulting in lowering top line growth. * Declining replacement rates in recent years. Opportunities * Growing Asian-Pacific population and expansion of their economy will lead to greater demand for energy * Bio-fuels and alternative energy methods Threats * Prolonged global recession * International Union Strikes and other global political events (Environmental issues) SWAN Analysis StrengthThe brand image they have created sustaining over 80 years. Management who are highly skilled and to operate the com pany Weakness Declining profit over the years Unable to cope up with the existing competitors to become the leader in the industry Achievements Have major achievement in taking out the oil from deep of the desert Emerged as one of the biggest supplier of Oil Next Step Achieving the global leadership Beating the close competitors Developing the skill of the local employees. TOWS Matrix Factors| Weight| Rate| Weighted Score| Opportunities|   |   |   |Better management of product lines| 0. 18| 3| 0. 54| Globalization| 0. 21| 4| 0. 84| Environmental concerns| 0. 21| 4| 0. 84| | | | | Threats| | | | Fierce competition| 0. 2| 3| 0. 6| War and terrorist attack impact| 0. 2| 3| 0. 6| Total| 1. 00| | 3. 42| | | | | Strength| | | | The brand image| 0. 22| 3| 0. 66| Skilled management| 0. 13| 2| 0. 26| Enriched natural resources| 0. 15| 3| 0. 45| | | | | Weaknesses| | | | Improper utilization of natural resources| 0. 25| 3| 0. 75| Lack of local skilled labor| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| Local techn ological non advancement| 0. 17| 2| 0. 34| Total| 1. 00| | 2. 62|

Which Strategies for Conflict Resolution Would You Employ?

Cathal McCabe PO4107 Id# 085475 Word count: 3290 Which strategies for conflict resolution would you employ in cases of violent ethnic conflict? Explain why giving examples of success and or failure. 3,534 in Northern Ireland. Approximately 140,000 in Former Yugoslavia. Approximately 800,000 in Rwanda. The list goes on. Violent ethnic conflict is simply a harsh reality of life that has cost millions of innocent civilians their lives.We have witnessed its atrocities first hand in our lifetimes, and have sometimes felt powerless as individuals to curtail it. We can employ successful strategies for conflict resolution but the question really is how do we implement them successfully? There are strategies working, but the key now is to identify the successful strategies and be quicker to implement them in the future. In July 2010 Stefan Wolff declared that casualties from ethnic conflict have decreased by two-thirds in just over a decade – 12,000 killed in ethnic wars of 1997/1998, today this figure stands at just over 4,000 (Wolff, 2010).Ethnic conflict is unlikely to ever go away, but the death toll has reduced somewhat. Is reducing the death toll the best success we can hope for in resolving conflict? Will ethnic conflict ever go way or can we only moderate the violence? Have we eventually learned that war is not the answer or have we simply become more efficient at peacekeeping? Are these deaths simply down to ethnic pride or is there another reason which spurs man on to kill his own people? This essay will attempt to determine the true meaning and motives for ethnic conflict.It will then examine what the â€Å"strategies† for resolving ethnic conflict are, and examine the application of these strategies as the causes and resolutions to various conflicts throughout the globe. It will draw a helpful analysis of the cases of Rwanda as a failure and Northern Ireland as a success and what we can learn from it. Ultimately it will try and discover what th e best strategies for conflict resolution are in order to minimise the trail of destruction left behind by violent ethnic conflict†¦US President John Adams once asked â€Å"Do I have to study politics and war so that my sons may have the liberty to study mathematics and philosophy†? We must first look into the reasoning of ethnic conflict before we can achieve peace and freedom. The theories behind the motives for violent ethnic conflict are rooted in the origins of nationalism. Connor Walker describes the nation state as â€Å"a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit† (Walker, 2004, P. 2). Theorists argue that this is an evolution from the simple meaning of the word â€Å"nation† (a community that share a common ancestry) per se. Ethnic conflict may simply be a process of evolution as nations look to establish themselves and represent a community of bel onged people -the citizens. Perhaps there must be a common bond for a nation to remain at peace. Anthony Smith notes that ‘not only must nations be founded upon ethnic cores if they are to endure’ (Smith, 1986, p. 207).Therefore if a nation is colonised or artificially planted with a different tribe, a friction is likely to occur. This of course is the starting point of ethnic war. Ethnic violence ensues. By studying the origins of their motives we can understand their ailment better and it’s then easier to cure. The very first rule in employing successful strategies is having a deep understanding of the motives of the conflict. Engaging in conflict resolution without knowing the full purposes of the conflict is political recklessness.We must sympathise before we can strategize (Hutchinson, Breuilly, and Smith, 1994, P. 104). Nationalism and ethnic identity are the core tenets of ethnic conflict hence the phrase â€Å"ethno-nationalism†. Extreme nationalis ts will harbour a need for identity and this involves being amongst their own citizens. It is these very people, extreme nationalists, who are the principle actors in ethnic conflict; it’s essentially a mass crusade driven by unsatisfied nationalists (Hastings, 1997, p. 27).Ethnic conflict therefore is in lay man’s terms is the struggle for man to be amongst his own people in a community. Furthermore they are likely to want this community to be the chief and sole power in a nation as in the case of the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in Rwanda. The one question that remains to be answered however is why experts believe that ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the Cold war? Academics like Samuel Huntington predicted a proliferation of conflicts fuelled by tribalism, resource scarcity and overpopulation (Huntington, 1993, P. 2). The reality is that this period witnessed a rise in ethnically-informed secessionist movements – mainly in the former communist states like in Former Yugoslavia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Wallensteen and Sollenberg hold that â€Å"the displacements of capitalist states were accompanied by a decline in total warfare, ethnic wars and the number of refugees and displaced persons† (Wallensteen and Sollenberg, 1995, P. 350). Ethnic conflict certainly seems to be a â€Å"new phrase† but the reality is that unrest and disillusionment always occurred in states.It’s also a certainty that it’s in man’s natural instinct to defend himself and what he loves until he is secure and established – much like his state. Each case of violent ethnic conflict is different, but the motives remain largely the same. Those who plan strategies for ethnic conflict should be well briefed on the case. Understanding is crucial; otherwise the results are severe†¦ There are common themes in the raison d'etre of ethnic nationalist violence – lack of belonging, lack of understanding and a lack of t rue leadership. Edward Everett once said that â€Å"education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army†.It’s the very people who commit the atrocities that don’t have these basic needs. The case of Rwanda provides us with the perfect breeding ground for violent ethnic conflict – uneducated peoples led by a brainwashed Government. In April 1994 two tribes strived for these basic needs as a longstanding ethnic struggle culminated with 20% of an entire population being wiped out by genocide. This case provides us with all the ingredients of mismanagement of conflict strategy which only coerced further violence – approximately 800,000 deaths in just over 100 days.It was managed so badly that it prompted former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to declare in 2000 that â€Å"the international community failed Rwanda and that must always leave us with a bitter sense of regret† (Doyle, BBC, 2004). In this case the minority Tutsi tribe wer e overthrown by the Hutu tribe in the rebellion of 1959-62. The Tutsi tribe looked to seize back power when the RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front – a Tutsi dominated rebel group) invaded Rwanda from the Ugandan border. The small East African country was in crisis until an eventual ceasefire in 1993 with assistance from neighbours Tanzania.This however came to an abrupt end in April 1994 when leader Habyarimana was assassinated by the RPF leader Paul Kagame (Hintjens, 2008, P. 5-7). The Hutu’s responded with mass slaughter (genocide) of the Tutsi’s and their own people who they believed to be collaborationists. The ceasefire in 1993 provided Rwanda with an opportunity to resolve the conflict peacefully but as we will see the Government provided weak strategies to consolidate the peace. The only solace we can take from 1994 is what we can learn from it in order to strategize better in the future.All the elements are present to encourage violent ethnic conflict; the str ategies employed only incited more violence. In Rwanda there was a lack of education at all levels, from the people on the ground right up to brainwashed Government officials who were obsessed by power and sought to accomplish it all costs. Education comes from liberal thinking, being open to a variety of sources and having the resources in place to attain this (Dewey, 1994, P2). None of this was possible in a country of authoritarian rule with little choice or democracy for voters.The then incumbent Prime Minister Jean Kambanda revealed in his testimony before the International Criminal Tribunal that genocide was openly discussed at cabinet meetings, and that the people believed that Rwanda’s problems would be over without the Tutsi (Doyle, BBC 2004). The people were blinded by myths; they believed that peace pacifists were collaborating with the other side. A large part of this comes down to how the media was run. The Hutu’s controlled the radio and the many who coul d not read bought into their propaganda campaign (Melvern, 2006, P. 7).For those who could read would read the Hutu run journal â€Å"Kangura†, and its â€Å"ten commandments†, one of which being â€Å"the Hutu should have no mercy on the Tutsi’s† (Melvern, 2004, P. 49). The ancestral divide in Rwanda called for conflict resolving strategies to be put in place. Instead the authorities increased the divide by insisting on â€Å"tribal ID’s† and encouraging identification myths about the other tribe such as skin colour etc. The Government for their part organised two militia groups to assist the killings – the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi (Melvern, 2006, pp. 4-27). We can still see the effects of poor leadership today as Libya has been torn apart under the Gaddafi regime. Ethnic conflict like this highlights the importance of citizens to fight for democracy, to fight for freedom, and fight for choice. The leader of a country has a monu mental bearing on the outcomes of a nation. We must fight for our freedom to choose. This involves participating in democracy to help maintain it (Diamond, 2009, P. 12). Strategy starts on the ground with the citizens; afterwards power is vested in the Government.Unfortunately in Rwanda a corrupt power influenced the media, which in turn corrupted an unwitting population. Sometimes history and circumstances can be unfortunate on a country like Rwanda and the people may have little choice. A country in trouble may often require outside assistance to attain peace. This is a major factor why Rwanda failed and Kofi Annan’s words pay testament to this. In their hour of need Tanzania, other neighbouring countries and the UN were helpless. Rwanda was ultimately left with nothing but warmongering strategies and this is why it failed.A case like Rwanda needs outside help, and hopefully we have learned to be more responsive. Unfortunately the circumstances were ideal for genocide in Rw anda which probably afforded the outside forces with little chance. Ultimately there was no democracy in the strategy in Rwanda. The natives and outside forces were powerless to strategize effectively and the result is a lesson we must take to future conflicts. The Northern Irish story began in 1609 with the Ulster plantations, but it’s â€Å"The Troubles† which are commonly understood as beginning in the sixties (McGarry, O’Leary, 1995, P. 18).The violence was led by the armed campaigns of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) and UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force). Alongside the violence, there was a political deadlock between the major political parties in Northern Ireland over the future status of Northern Ireland and the prospective form of government. On learning from the case of Rwanda we now can now examine successful strategies for conflict resolution. . In May 2007 two men from contrasting backgrounds (Martin McGuinness and Ian Paisley) met at Stormont and finally shook hands, sealing a horrible conflict that sentenced 3,534 people to early deaths.However 4 years later on June 20th of this year and the violence threatened to escalate again†¦ Attaining peace may be a greater challenge than ever in two communities of disenfranchised people. Assuming that fair democracy is being practiced the responsibility now rests with the powers that be – the Government. The role of the leader is central, a leader is the figurehead for an interest group and his/her attitude towards a conflict will be examined carefully (Ackerman, 2002, p. 32). In 1997 Ireland and Britain elected new Governments. Both leaders Bertie Ahern and Tony Blair made the Northern question a priority.Tony Blair’s first reaction in the North was to hand down the gauntlet to the IRA who refused to abide by a ceasefire at the time (incidentally a year before the Omagh bombings). Tony Blair stated â€Å"my message to Sinn Fein is clear. The settlement train is leaving. I want you on that train. But it is leaving anyway and I will not allow it to wait for you†. The impetus that the new leaders brought to the table was a positive strategy; they brought a renewed energy and innovation reinvigorating the campaign. The primary strategy for solving conflict is peace-talks and negotiation.This involves compromises, consensus-building and some level of mutual trust. The party leader must earn this and their personality is a key factor in an attempt to reach an agreement. A peace agreement or accord is a formal commitment between hostile parties to end a war. In the North a simple ceasefire wasn’t enough, a state with its own Government had to be established (Bew, 1994, p. 32). Regardless of the political decisions made, negotiators have to prepare for â€Å"spoilers† (groups that have an interest in sabotaging the process) and public rejection of settlements.When the public has experienced significant trauma, it may not be ready to ma ke compromises or accept a negotiated solution, as happened repeatedly in the North. It is the task of the leadership to generate support for peace. The personality of the parties involved is a very significant in making peace talks a successful strategy. Peace talks are the primary means of conflict resolution so it could be said that appointing the right negotiation team is a fundamental strategy to success, which thankfully it was in May 2007.Leaders have a role to play outside of peace talks too. The â€Å"ambassadorial† role in everyday society involves sharing with people who have suffered. Diplomacy is at the heart of conflict resolution strategy. It shows that a Government cares and is still in control in a society that still abides by law and order. In August 1998, Mary McAleese walked the streets of Omagh consoling the victims, while her husband Martin visited familes of UVF militants. This showed that they were not isolated but that the World cared, Ireland cared a nd there was an urgency to end the conflict.This was above strategy, it made strategy essential. Peace had to be achieved, and the leaders were relentless until it was achieved. Dr. Matt Cannon explained the need for a multi-level approach at a lecture in October. This involves all levels of the community coming together, the Government uniting and external sources showing interest in resolving conflict (Cannon, 2011). All tiers are uniting to create a powerful peace-building team. In Guatemala and Northern Ireland, civil society forums were established to promote wider societal involvement in the peace process.The terms â€Å"third side† or â€Å"track three† are sometimes used to describe the effort of engaging and uniting individuals at the community level to generate â€Å"people’s power,† public opinion and coalitions in support of peace. In Northern Ireland the communities have come together to rally against the violence and promote peace which is a massive help to the process. One practical example was the replacement of sectarian murals with peace-walls. A common memory and identity is now being created in Northern Ireland. A segregated community is being replaced by a common identity.Both sides are remembering each other’s losses and giving up something for the common good. There is now evidence of shared features such as memorials, museums and holidays which are also finally being reflected by a common Government. Dennis Murray worked for most of his career as Northern Ireland correspondent for the BBC. This September BBC filmed a documentary covering his reporting of the Troubles. The documentary finished with Murray’s parting thought – â€Å"we can’t build a new future without unravelling the past.The story of conflict in Northern Ireland will never finish† (From Our Ireland correspondent, 2011). The case of the Troubles is as close as we may ever come to conflict resolution and it†™s equally fascinating to analyse the strategies employed in this quest. The strategy that now needs to be employed in the North is maintaining peace. There may be no textbook strategy to resolving conflict; it is an ongoing effort to maintain peace in Northern Ireland. Each case is different. Peacemaking in Northern Ireland is a model for resolving ethnic conflict resolution throughout the World.The one factor that appears to be in Northern Ireland’s favour as opposed to Rwanda however is that Northern Ireland was a developed country with a better environment to carry out a conflict resolution. The first virtues in successful conflict resolution are patience and persistence. In Northern Ireland there was a persistence to achieve an end to violence and achieve peace by successful political means. The security forces in Northern Ireland enforced the law. This strategy of law enforcement brought the paramilitaries to realisation that they could not win (Ruane and Todd, 1996, P. 17).There was no overnight solution to ending the violence. The British Government admitted that the IRA could not be eliminated militarily. Utimately ethnic violence is a force. It requires a strong team to defeat it. International interest strengthens a peacebuilding team massively. Bill Clinton’s regime shared an interest in the Troubles and appointed George Mitchell as special envoy. He was presented with the Liberty Medal in 1998, where he stated: â€Å"I believe there’s no such thing as a conflict that can’t be ended. They’re created and sustained by human beings. They can be ended by human beings.No matter how ancient the conflict, no matter how hateful, no matter how hurtful, peace can prevail† (Mitchell, 1998). Northern Ireland now had a combat team, this is where Rwanda failed where external sources were powerless. A case of violent ethnic conflict that becomes unmanageable is referred to the UN. The United Nations was established to r eplace the flawed League of Nations in 1945 in order to maintain international peace and promote cooperation. Peacekeeping is a primary mission on the UN with the aim of helping countries torn by conflict and creating the conditions for lasting peace.It is the last resort following peacemaking and peacebuilding (Bellamy, Williams and Griffin, 2004, P. 5). The United Nations Charter gives the United Nations Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorise peacekeeping operations. The role of peacekeepers is to help uphold any agreements made during peacetalks. Peacekeeping provided ways to achieve self-sustaining peace.Another viewpoint raises the problem that the peacekeeping may soften the troops and erode their combat ability, as the mission profile of a peacekeeping contingent is totally different from the profile of a unit fighting an all-out war. Before peacekeepers should be deployed theUN has a role in providing assistance in the development of human rights an democracy in the various countries and preventing these countries from becoming a breeding ground for ethnic conflict like Rwanda was (Jasper, 2001, P89). The UN also has a role to encourage more women to become involved in conflict resolution.The lack of involvement for women has a negative impact on resolving conflict and in society. In this essay we have seen what works as successful strategies for conflict resolution. First of all we must be vigilant and defend democracy – preventing conflict from occuring in the first place. We must also uphold law and order as a combat to violence. We must participate in peace and democracy and elect the right leaders and believe in their charismea and diplomacy to solve conflict. We must also acknowledge the roles of member and identity in building an imagined community as part of a three -tier approach.The top tier of UN involvement is only required in times of desperation. Ultimately ethno-nationalism will never go away but violence can. As George Mitchell declared on appointment â€Å"there is no place for violence at the table of democracy†. Bibliography Ackerman R (2002), The Wounded Leader: How Real Leadership Emerges in Times of Crisis, Jossey-Bass, P. 32 Bellamy A, Williams P, Griffin S (2004), Understanding Peacekeeping, Polity, P. 5 Bew P (1994), Ideology and the Irish question: Ulster unionism and Irish nationalism, 1912-1916, Oxford : OUP, P. 2 Cannon M (2011), â€Å"Achieving peace in Northern Ireland†, Speech on October 25th, University of Limerick. Dewey, John (1944). Democracy and Education, The Free Press. pp. 1–4 Diamond L (2009), The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World, St. Martin's Griffin, P. 12. Doyle M, (2004-03-26), UN chief's Rwanda genocide regret, BBC, available: http://news. b bc. co. uk/2/hi/africa/3573229. stm [accessed: 2011-11-12] Doyle M (2004-03-26), Ex-Rwandan PM reveals genocide planning, BBC, available: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/africa/3572887. tm [accessed: 2011-11-12] From our Ireland correspondent (2011), BBC, Monday 3 October at 10. 35pm Hastings, Adrian, (1997), â€Å"The construction of nationhood: ethnicity, religion, and nationalism†, Cambridge Press, P27. Hintjens Helen, (2008), ‘Post-genocide identity politics in Rwanda’ Ethnicities, Vol. 8, No. 1, P. 5-7 Hutchinson, Breuilly, and Smith (1994), Nationalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, P. 104 Huntington, Samuel (1993) The clash of civilizations? Foreign Affairs 72(3), pp. 22-49 Jasper W (2001), United Nations exposed, John Birch Society, P. 9 McGarry, J, O'Leary B (1995) Explaining Northern Ireland. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 18 Melvern, Linda, (2004) Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide, 1st ed. London: Verso, 2004, P. 49 Melvern, Linda, (2006), Conspi racy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide, 2nd. ed. , London: Verso, P. 7 Mitchell G (1998), Liberty Medal acceptance speech, speech on July 4, 1998. Available: http://www. constitutioncenter. org/libertymedal/recipient_1998. html [accessed: 2011-10-08] Ruane, J and Todd J (1996) The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 17 Smith, Anthony (1986) The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell. Wallensteen P and Sollenberg M (1995) After the Cold War: Emerging patterns of armed conflict 1989-94, Journal of Peace Research 32(3), pp. 345-360 Walker C (2004), The Timelessness of Nations. Nations and Nationalism, New York: Alfred Knopf. Wolff S (2010), â€Å"There is no good news about ethnic conflict and civil war†¦or is there? †, Speech in July 2010, Oxford, Available: http://www. frequency. com/video/stefan-wolff/506736? raw=true [accessed: 2011-10-23]

Nat Turner Rebellion Essay

The Nat Turner rebellion caused a great uproar in Virginia. The aftermath of the movement actually moved some in Virginia to push the ideas of gradual emancipation. With the intensity of the slavery issue at the time, this rebellion had the effect of causing a chain reaction in the Virginian society. The initial reaction of the white population after the rebellion is rather complicated. One thing to note is the power of rumors and their destructive influence. People in Virginia started going crazy, as these rumors incited mass hysteria. Whites in Virginia mobilized towards Southampton county, numbering roughly three thousand units. With an overall sense of panic, and increasingly terrorizing rumors, it is no wonder that there were so many atrocities done to the black population. Militia came into the area with preconceived ideas as to the extent of the rebellion, and with it they just started killing random blacks. In a hypocritical way, whites mutilated the bodies of their victims. Whites decapitated approximately fifteen supposed rebels in Murfreesboro with the heads placed on poles for everyone to see. What could cause people to see this as a good idea? It is fascinating that the incoming militia had the capacity to mirror the crimes that they were there to prevent. In the very area in which Nat Turner’s rebels murdered the Vaughn family, the head of a murdered black man was put on display. This reaction shows the deep hatred that some white men had for slaves. This aimless killing obviously could not continue for long, as peoples started to realize that their property was being destroyed. Monetary compensation was only given if a slave was executed under the law. Since slavers were a key economic asset, it was only appropriate that the suspected rebels should be tried in a court. With the death sentence being issued by a judge, the slave owner could be compensated, and the blood lust could be sated. Shifting toward a more appropriate action, the death sentence was typically more humane that the random murders seen initially. Reaction on the side of the law was obviously very hostile, since every judge was white and very much emotionally compromised on the situation. With the racial opinions and dehumanization of blacks, this court wouldn’t be the fairest, but it was better than previous actions taken on the black community. The judges expedited the hearings of suspected rebels, allowing little time for them to build a proper defense. As there was a great deal of prejudice towards them before the Nat Turner rebellion, black men faced a  considerable amount of abhorrence in the aftermath of the revolt. Not only did the free blacks feel so much pressure that many of them fled the area, but some even chose to go assist in the colonization of Liberia. One important thing to note is that Virginia even took away the right of blacks, slave and free, to preach or conduct religious meetings. This is interesting with the knowledge that this country was founded upon religious freedom. In the mind of slave holders, slavery needed tighter controls. Pent up emotions concerning the abolition movements likely caused some of the more extreme reactions to the Nat Turner rebellion. The fear of losing their property and way of life was a battle that the South had been fighting since the country was founded. Their livelihood depended on the protection of slavery. Publications like David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, likely caused quite a stir in the Southern population. In the mind of Governor Floyd, these abolitionists and black preachers were the main culprits behind the Nat Turner rebellion. In reading the document encompassing Nat Turner’s confession, there are some problems when analyzing the text. What has been left out is unknown. In a joint effort between Thomas Gray and Nat Turner, the confession was made to give at least some account of the rebellion. Both men likely hated each other, which would cause some communication issues during the interview. While Turner was the voice behind the confession, Gray was ultimately the one that structured it. Most of the article is the synopsis of events that occurred in Turner’s life, which appear to be his own voice. Throughout the document, Gray interjects his opinions, especially in denouncing Turner’s acts of violence. When Turner addresses his supposed ministry, Gray seems to be fill with loathing concerning Turner. Though he recognizes the vast intellect of Turner, Gray also describes Turner in a manner that shows an overall disposition of enmity.

Pro-Slavery Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pro-Slavery Speech - Essay Example My next point deals with the issue of love. I concur that love is the most important human law and I believe that it is love that is responsible for slavery in the first place, otherwise I fail to understand how a person can feed, clothe and house a person without loving them. Historical accounts of past slave owners in 18-19th century US highlights how slaves were housed in suitable sleeping conditions, were guaranteed three meals a day and were provided with adequate health care in the event that they became sick. This was a far cry from the free-men in Britain during the industrial revolution, whose conditions were atrocious, coupled with the lack of adequate meals and deplorable working and living conditions. Slaves were as matter of fact better off than free men. The only other religion that Americans value is the American dream. One is only needed to visit a mall to see how we value consumerism and our way of life. We have even commercialized Christmas to the extent that children view the holiday in terms of presence rather than as a celebration of the birth of Christ. What many fail to understand, is that their ability to enjoy theses privileges was through slavery. It was only through slavery that American plantation owners were able to reap profits from their farms and it is only through slavery that Americans enjoy purchasing cheap clothes made in Asia. Knowingly or unknowingly we all support slavery. I would like to finish my argument by posing the question, aren’t we all slaves in a way?

Installation project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Installation project - Assignment Example The main purpose for this installation will be to ease the service delivery in the airport making it more comfortable for the travelers departing and those arriving. This will not be just limited to the passengers but all the activities that take place at the airport in general. The project will be meant to monitor movement of air traffic, movement of road traffic to and from the airport, movement of goods within the airport and to an extent the weather conditions at the airport. This information will be crucial in reducing the intensity of travelers while at the airport. While undertaking this project, it is important to understand that the area in question is a normal 2D earth surface that will have to be transformed into a 4D Euclidean surface using the transformation mathematical formula. The surface will further be embedded into maps and metrics using the same concepts as those used in 4D Euclidean space transformations. 2. A general survey will have to be conducted across the airport to determine the general layout and nature of the airport. This will involve picking of data about feature s such as buildings and other structure s available at the airport. This task can be carried out by a surveyor or a GIS technician. 3. After analyzing the layout of the airport, the site engineer will choose a point at which the giant bear will be installed taking into consideration the movement of air traffic and passengers and also its proximity to the main travelers’

Marketing Strategy of Vodafone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing Strategy of Vodafone - Research Paper Example Strategies of an organization should well be able to detail themselves as per the needs of the environment while planning for the future. A framework for any program can well be preferred if it is deeply affinitive to the generalization of a venture or enterprise keeping in mind the quality of methodizing. The one concept firmly oriented towards the creation of values for its customers will conclude with excellence in the target market. Vodafone uses its familiar red logo and retains themes of togetherness, fashion joy, and enjoyment throughout its marketing communications. The same uniformity is maintained and followed by Fanta, Microsoft, Nike, Sony and host of other companies. What should be the rationale behind this Is it for fun Integrated marketing communications see the elements of the communications mix 'integrated' into a coherent whole. As the fight of market shares and a quest for product success continue, marketers are employing all the necessary tactics, and methods to g ive their product a breakthrough, or remain competitive (Brennan, Baines, and Garneau, 2003, Rowley J 2004). One way of doing this is through differentiation, making your product outstanding, by having your values and image (Zineldin M., and Philipson S., 2007). This is known as the marketing communications mix and forms the basis of marketing (Pelsmacher& Kitchen., 2005) This paper examined the importance of marketing to Vodafone, it current and future market challenges using certain analytical tools and models. Part one of the paper lay emphasis on these models while part three looks at the resources and capabilities that distinguished Vodafone from its competitors.     The PESTEL framework can only be used to look at the future impact of environmental factors and that this impact might be different from the past. Thus an understanding of how the factors in the above framework may drive change is only a starting point1.There is a need for an understanding of the key change dri vers and this will be explained below. Looking at the PESTEL framework shown above one can observe that the Vodafone is affected by all the environmental factors in the framework. Under political factors, Vodafone is affected by both taxation and social welfare policies.

Changes in National Security Policy with Iran in the Bush and Obama Research Paper

Changes in National Security Policy with Iran in the Bush and Obama Administration - Research Paper Example The US government has changed the foreign policy after the incident of 9/11 2001. Before 9/11 the US policy aimed at creating a protective shield for the prevention of terror attacks on the US soil or people by organized terror groups such as al-Qaeda which has been notorious for being a creation of the CIA and other mass propagandized organizations having origins in the Middle East. After 9/11 the US has changed its foreign policy aiming for active pre emptive military intervention in the targeted nations and pursued a war having no end. The war on terror drama is now set to targeting Iran on the accusation, yet to be proven, that the Theocracy has nuclear ambitions despite the assurances given by Tehran that the country has no ambitions to possess nuclear weapons and only pursues nuclear power for productive purposes. Iran has been considered a hostile state by the US since the last three decades. Ever since the Islamic revolution took place in Iran in 1979 the foreign and national security policies issued by all the presidents of the US till today contained plans and strategies for tackling with Iran as threat to the security of the USA. The security policy of the US government of Iran has been more or less consistent for the last ten years and continues to be so. The national security policy under Bush administration and Obama administration is reviewed in this article and analyzed to reach a reliable conclusion indicating clearly the intent and plan of action of the US government towards Iran which is subject to international sanctions and pressure from the international community including the political and economic powers of modern day. The audience for this work of research includes students of politics, international relations, and other related fields of study along with many other individuals who happen to have interest in

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company Assignment

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company - Assignment Example 8660/12800 = ?0.68/unit For T, 50 labour hours @ ?12 + ?1800 for 2,400 Rate per unit = ?2400/2400 = ?1/unit Part b ABC system would be used if the other costs such as run and inspection are actually considered to obtain the true value of the project costs. With the weighted percentages, it can be possible to determine the product value considering each part of the process. In addition to the works on OAR, we calculate according the apportionment of the other expenses such that we will have the calculation that includes all the aspects for ABC as follows: For R, 68 x ? 12 apportioned appropriately in the ratio 3:4:3 then calculated for one unit by dividing by 560, the value is then added to other cost due to material and direct labour hours. = ?1.46/unit The total unit cost of R being ?2.69/ unit ?2.69/ unit1.46/ unit = ?3.15/unit For S, = 50 x ? 12 in the ratio 3:4:3 and calculated for one unit by dividing by 12,800 = 600/12800 = ?0.05/unit Total unit cost being 0.68 + 0.05 = ?0.73/u nit For T, would similarly be obtained as 58 x ?12/600 + ?1/unit =?2.26/unit Part c ABC as a method or accpunting model as developed inorder to solve problems related to accounting that has actually evolved over time due to the change in technology as well operations within the industries (Warren, Reeve & Fess 2005). It is clear that overhead costs have been increasing in companies to the point that it may be extremely difficult to use the direct methods which only emphasized on resources as well as the absorbed costs of the out. This assumed at a great expense, the impact of operations and the many intermediaries involved which comprise of the majority of the overhead costs. ABC therefore is the only practical remedy to the inefficiencies of the traditional accounting methods. At the core of ABC there exist very important principles and arguments which contribute to differentiating it from other accounting methods. ABC holds that the cost objects will consume the activities contrar y to the principle of other traditional accounting methods which argue that cost objects may only consume the resources (Naidu, Babu & Rajendra 2006). In normal operations, the costs actually will end utilizing the activities in the production line which actually depend on the resources. This aspect makes ABC more realistic and effective in determine the unit cost of production. Whereas other traditional methods base on volume allocation of the production resources, ABC considers the drivers at each level and their effect on production to determine the allocation. The drivers considered include activity drivers as well as the activity drivers which check every other production element and its cause effect relationship to the output. Further difference and principle of ABC comes from the fact that the traditional accounting are developed on the basis of structures while ABC actually depends on the process itself and therefore takes care of the various that may occur in the process. A BC begins from the process as it moves upwards to assess the amount of resources utilized and that might be required. Critically, ABC analyses the activities with the understanding that it is not easy or possible to manage costs but the activities causing the costs are manageable so that in the end, it is the activities that the organization takes or that is taken in the production process which will determine the costs (Pryor 1998). The

Literature Review on Personalized Web Improvement

On Personalized Web Improvement - Literature review Example О Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µÃ ºÃ'‚Ð µ Ð Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ 21.02.2017ИÃ' Ã ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ½Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ð µÃ ºÃ'‚Ð ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ð ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ð ² Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ º Ð ¸ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ºÃ °Ã ·Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ¡Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ±Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã ºÃ ¸ +7 (495) 789-02-33 Ð ­Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ° ПÐ °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å' Ð’Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ðâ€"Ð °Ã'€Ð µÃ ³Ã ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'  PRO-Ð Ã ºÃ ºÃ °Ã'Æ'Ð ½Ã'‚ Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¸ Ð ¿Ã °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å'? RU ПÐ ¾Ã ´Ã °Ã'€Ð ºÃ ¸! 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The paper also analyzes the ways that a program can offer personalisation and how to improve such a service. A personalized web portal lets them quickly check what they need and move on. There are numerous other advantages to the end user, of course. The issue is that there is an inherent tension between personalization and security (Lee and Cranage, 2010). As information becomes personalized, particularly if that information has to be stored on a remote server (like Google), the risk of someone's private data being stolen increases tremendously. If these portals end up governing the entire way that people surf the Net and use electronic services, then they become immensely valuable for marketers, spammers, hackers and phishers. As noted, the most common personalized web services are portals or applications that govern the way one relates to the Internet based on user input. Facebook, for example, is a modular system: It has its core functionality that can be changed according to the individual need of the user, particularly in terms of what information is being shared and what social networking features one uses, and then first and third-party applications can be installed to allow more interaction. Facebook can include news or stocks tickers, games, etc. Of course, Facebook's recent problems with privacy management also show some of the problems with these approaches (Vascellaro, 2010). The literature review "Literature Review on Personalized Web Improvement" discusses today personalised web portals. The paper also analyzes the ways that a program can offer personalisation and how to improve such a service. A personalized web portal lets them quickly check what they need and move on. There are numerous other advantages to the end user, of course. The issue is that there is an inherent tension between personalization and security (Lee and Cranage, 2010). As information becomes personalized, particularly if that information has to be stored on a remote server (like Google), the risk of someone's private data being stolen increases tremendously. If these portals end up governing the entire way that people surf the Net and use electronic services, then they become immensely valuable for marketers, spammers, hackers and phishers. As noted, the most common personalized web services are portals or applications that govern the way one relates to the Internet based on user input. Facebook, for example, is a modular system: It has its core functionality that can be changed according to the individual need of the user, particularly in terms of what information is being shared and what social networking features one uses, and then first and third-party applications can be installed to allow more interaction. Facebook can include news or stocks tickers, games, etc. Of course, Facebook's recent problems with privacy management also show some of the problems with these approaches (Vascellaro, 2010). Ð’Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²: 1527 БÐ µÃ · Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ±Ã µÃ »Ã ¾Ã ²: 1290 КÐ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²: 240 ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' SEO-Ð ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð µ ОÐ ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ ОÐ ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã ° SEO-Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã · Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚ TEXT.RU - Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'Æ'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¸Ã' , Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã µÃ'ŽÃ'‰Ð ¸Ã ¹ Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ². 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SEO-Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã · Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ²Ã ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ² Ã' Ã µÃ ±Ã' : âÅ"” Ð ¡Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã º Ã' Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ², Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ° Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Ð ¸ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¾Ã ½Ã »Ã °Ã ¹Ã ½ Ð ¡ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‰Ã'Å'Ã'Ž Ð ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã ½Ã »Ã °Ã ¹Ã ½-Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã ° Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã' Ã »Ã ¾ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ° Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¶Ã µ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ã'  Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ±Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ð ¸ Ð ±Ã µÃ · Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'…. âÅ"” ОÐ ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ¹ Ð ¸ Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ´Ã'€Ð ° Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð’Ð ¾Ã ·Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã °Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ¹ Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¸ Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ð ¸Ã'… Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã µÃ ·Ã ½Ã ° Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ð ½Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð °, Ã'‚Ð °Ã º Ð ¸ Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã ·Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ¸ Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã µ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ã'‰Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã'Æ'Ã'ŽÃ'‰Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾. Ð  Ã °Ã' Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¼ Ð ¸ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð µ Ã' Ã ´Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ³Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð °Ã ¼ Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¸ Ð ±Ã'‹Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¹. Ð ¡Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¶Ã µ Ð ½Ã °Ã  ¹Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ¸ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'„Ð ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð ¸Ã °Ã ½Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ¹, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ´Ã µÃ »Ã' Ã'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¶Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾. âÅ"” ОÐ ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'†Ð µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° ДÐ °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã'€Ð °Ã ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã ¶Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'†Ð µÃ ½Ã'‚ Ð ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'  Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¿-Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ², Ã'„Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã µÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ², Ð ° Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¶Ã µ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ' Ã ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ², Ã'„Ã'€Ð °Ã ·, Ã' Ã ¾Ã µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ², Ã' Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã'ŽÃ'‰Ð ¸Ã'…Ã' Ã'  Ð ½Ã µ Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã'‹Ð ¼Ã ¸ Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã'Æ'Ã'‰Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ã' Ã ¼Ã'‹Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ½Ã °Ã ³Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ·Ã ºÃ ¸. Ð Ã µÃ ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ  «Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'‹Â » Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ã' Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ °Ã ·Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã µÃ ¼, Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸ Ã' Ã '‚Ð ¾Ã ¼: Ð ´Ã ¾ 15% - Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ  «Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'‹Â » Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ; Ð ¾Ã'‚ 15% Ð ´Ã ¾ 30% - Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ  «Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'‹Â » Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ; Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ µ 30% - Ð ²Ã'‹Ã' Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ  «Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'‹Â » Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ. âÅ"” ОÐ ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'†Ð µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¼Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'†Ð µÃ ½Ã'‚ Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¼Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ¶Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ. Ð §Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ µ Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ², Ã'‚Ð µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ µ Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¼Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å': Ð ´Ã ¾ 30% - Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã' Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ; Ð ¾Ã'‚ 30% Ð ´Ã ¾ 60% - SEO-Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚. Ð’ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ½Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µ Ã' Ã »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð °Ã µÃ ² Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ð µ Ã' Ã ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ ¼Ã'‹ Ã' Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'ŽÃ'‚ Ð ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚ Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã µÃ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã'‚Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¼ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ð ¼ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ¼, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð µ Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ °Ã ·Ã °Ã ½Ã'‹ Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð µ. Ð ¾Ã'‚ 60% - Ã' Ã ¸Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¼Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð µÃ ²Ã'‹Ð ¼Ã ¸ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚. âÅ"” ПÐ ¾Ã ¸Ã' Ã º Ã' Ã ¼Ã µÃ'ˆÐ °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã ºÃ »Ã °Ã ´Ã ºÃ °Ã'… Ð ºÃ »Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ã'‹ ДÐ °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã'€Ð °Ã ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ °Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ²Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ², Ã' Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‰Ð ¸Ã'… Ð ¸Ã · Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ² Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ð °Ã »Ã'„Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ². Ð §Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ²Ã'‹ Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ¸ Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ °, Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã µÃ'€, Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾  «Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã‚ », Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ  «Ã ¾Ã‚ » - Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ²Ã ° Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð °Ã »Ã'„Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °. Ð Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã'€Ð °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ã'‹ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã' Ã'ŽÃ'‚ Ð ² Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'… Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ² Ð ½Ã ° Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'‹ Ð ¾Ã  ±Ã ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¼ Ð ¿Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ð µÃ ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ã' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'Æ'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð °. SEO-Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã · Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚ TEXT.RU Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ¿Ã µÃ'ˆÐ ½Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã'‹Ã' Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °. SEO-Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã · Ã'‚Ð µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ´Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã µÃ ½ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð µÃ · API. ПÐ ¾Ã ´Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ½Ã µÃ µ Ð ² API-Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ºÃ µ. Ð Ã ° Ð ³Ã »Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž О Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µÃ ºÃ'‚Ð µ Ð Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ FAQ Ð £Ã ²Ã µÃ ´Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'   © 2017 ООО Â «Ã ¢Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã'‚ » Ðâ€"Ð °Ã'€Ð °Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã º Ð ·Ã ° Ã'€Ð µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ´Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ¸ Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã °! But there are innumerable other, more specialised, personalised web services. Pl@nteInfo is an agricultural and crop management personalised system (Jensen et al, 2000). â€Å"[T]he farmer and adviser subscribers are very dedicated users. Both the activity patterns and the preferences of subjects in the system are significantly different between these subscriber types, with farmers generally searching specific advice and advisors using the system to keep their knowledge up-to-date† (Jensen et al, 2000). Similarly, RecOrgSeed has real potential to advance democracy in the agricultural domain and help recommend organic seeds to growers (Markellos et al, 2009). In fact, one of the major advantages of personalised web services is the increasing array of options provided to businesses. TV listing services are likely to be increasingly popular in the digital age. â€Å"The Internet has brought unprecedented access to vast quantities of information. However, in recent times, the pr oblem of information overload has become more and more marked, and we are now reaching a point where it is becoming increasingly difficult to locate the right information at the right time† (Smyth and Cotter, 2005). Personalised webs are thus designed

Evidence Base Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence Base - Assignment Example The temperature of the day is 38 degrees. On the ground, there is snow that has reduced visibility slightly. The home looks quite disrupted as things have gone messy. To the right of the house is an Asphalt driveway. There is a white pick-up truck in the driveway. The truck has been parked at a close distance from the house. Their driveway is clear and does not have snow. The make of the truck is Chevy. Its year of registration is 2013. The registered owner’s name of the track is John Hilton. There is a wagon immediately next to the truck (Levine, 2003). Its year of registration is 2014. Registered owners name is Richard James. Aspect 1 is the right side of the house which has a side yard covered with snow. The side has a set of footprints. Aspect 3 is the rear side of the house that has an entry door into the rear. There is snow on the stairs that lead to the door. Aspect 2 is the left side of the house that is also covered with snow.

The Gulf of Tonkin incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Gulf of Tonkin incident - Essay Example The mutual distrust of the allies against each other resulted into great animosity and gave rise to war tendencies. It led to the arms and missiles race between USA and Soviet Russia. Neither sides fought a direct war against each other, considering the appalling consequences, but they constantly fought for control and power through their proxy countries. Devastating effects of these proxy wars can still be observed world over. The cold war proceeded through Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Soviet-Afghan War and on. Each of these wars had its disastrous and long running effects on the world history. Vietnam War amongst these proved to be a non-repairable mistake for America in the long run. In the cold war era America suffered severe setbacks in its war against communism. Ex: Cuban incident, Berlin wall, military losses in Laos. It was becoming extremely important to re-establish America's position on the world map. Irrespective of this, for years historians have debated America's entry and position in seemingly hopeless situation such as Vietnam War. With this loss of face against communism, since Kennedy administration, it became all the more essential for President Lyndon Johnson to prove himself as a warrior against of peace which he projected himself as, throughout the Gulf of Tonkin crisis. The secret mission of patrolling on North Vietnam coast was undertaken and was named as Desoto by the Pentagon. On 31st of July 1964, American destroyer USS Maddox began electronic intelligence collection mission in the Gulf of Tonkin. On 2nd of August Maddox claimed that it was attacked by the North Vietnam P4 patrol torpedo boats in international waters. However the Maddox claimed to evade the torpedo attacks and had to fire back in order to defend itself. Maddox suffered very minor damages in the attack. It claimed that out of the three North-Vietnamese patrol boats, one has sunk and the other has been heavily damaged. Maddox was later joined by another destroyer Turner Joy in South Vietnamese waters. Second Attack: On 4th of August Maddox launched another Desoto patrol on the coast of North Vietnam. Turner Joy was also accompanying Maddox. The destroyers claimed to have received signals indicating attack from the North Vietnamese navy. The firing went on for 2 hours targets based on radar and radio signals and electronic and visual reports of the enemy. Captain Herrick sent in his message sent to Washington suggested, "Review of action makes many reported contacts, and torpedoes fired to be doubtful. Freak weather effects on radar and overeager sonar men may have accounted for many reports. No actual visual sightings by Maddox. Suggest completed evaluation of the situation before any action is taken" *. Herrick also recommended a thorough review of the situation before any decision or action to be implemented. He also stated that there could have been misunderstanding due to weather being highly unstable and unclear. The reports of torpedoes being fired were also doubtful as the torpedoes were heard and not seen. Chances were the sound of torpedoes could have been sound of the propeller, which was mistaken. Both

German-Jews and the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

German-Jews and the Holocaust Essay Prior to the era of Second World War in 1930s, community of Jews had already established their society within the German realm. For last 1600 years of German-Jewish relations, German Jews were first to experience the dramatic persecutions inflicted by the German society. b. Overview German-Jews, despite of their German blood, did not experience any benefits or considerations during the Second World War. Prior to war (1938), the population of German Jews within Germany was approximately 560,000 (Lavsky 78). As supported by Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth (2003), German Jews were at that time classified as coherent groups from the entire Jewish community (220). The feud between the German-Jews and the German society had originated from the rich Jewish culture and German Jewry that brought the hallmark of modernity to the Germany nation (Wright, Ager and Hantrais et al. 16). In fact, higher factions from German Jews were those families from middle to upper class sections, which considerably imply the rich legacy of German Jews in Germany (Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth 220). According to Geller (2005), during the pre-war era, Germany was the official immigration beacon for the Jewish people, which eventually led to the assimilations and hybridizations of culture and lineage (1). During the initial years of World War II, German Jews were used as threatening objects against the overall Jewish community. According to Lavsky (2002), there were around 322,000 German Jews emigrated after a year followed by significant killings, massive German Jews persecutions and many were placed into exile (78). Nazi leaders in 1938 and 1939 anticipated the initial killings of the deported German Jews at Germany in order to threaten the Jewish community and motivate them to leave Germany (Victor 195). Every Jewish kind presently living in Germany and near-by nations had become the prospects of Hitler’s annihilation plan. Even during the pre-war era, German Jews were the ones who first suffered from the activities of Nazis and Hitler’s henchmen. In 1941, the population of German Jews had dropped from 560,000 down to 150,000, which eventually dropped progressively due to the continuous deportation and murders within German camps (Lavsky 78). In 1933, the time when Hitler rise to power, German Jews did not possess any effective organization to resist the anti-Jewish campaigns of the Nazis (Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth 221). During the same year, German Jews were noted to be at their height of social power with their members leading Germany’s trade, commerce, white-collar professions and different upper class positions (Herf 36). However, by the time Hitler and his Nazi started with their destructive anti-Jewish campaigns, German Jews became the initial target of their propaganda. After the war, the population of existing German Jews was approximately 9000 comprising mostly of survivors from concentration camps, mainly in Theresienstadt (Lavsky 78). In the study, we explore the life of these German Jews during and post progressions of Anti-Jewish campaigns. II. Discussion a. German-Jewish in the Era of Holocaust The notoriously famed Nazi leader – Hitler – only aimed his destructive concentration among the existing Jewish population within Germany. However, even the German Jews were discreetly alarmed as Hitler came to power in 1933. According to Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth (2003), German Jews established a movement called the Federal Representation of German Jews or the Reichsvertretung in September 17, 1933 composed of middle- and upper-class Jews. The head of the movement was Berlin Rabbi Leo Baeck – German’s most influential Jewish Rabbi (221). However, the problems confronted by the organization were its fragile foundations and relatively small number of population incapable of directing change to the overall Jewish community. According to Herf (2006), the population of German Jews in 1933 comprised only 0. 76% of the total German demographics (35). Unfortunately, the rise of Nazis in 1933s immediately degraded German Jews community with the Nazi’s strategies of armed resistance, alleviation, evasion, paralysis and compliance (Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth 221). According to Bankier (2000), even with the German Jews’ distinct suspicion against the Nazi’s rising dictatorial rule channeled in their anti-Semitism movement, Nazi was still able to pursue their anti-Jewish campaigns discreetly and flawlessly under the leadership of Hitler (373). The political rule of Nazism and anti-Semitism provided Hitler and his campaigns discreet opportunities in influencing other German organizations. According to Merchant, Rubenstein and Roth (2003), tactics of oppressions made by Nazi’s were initially tolerable to maintain their stealth campaigns against German Jews (222). All efforts made to combat the expanding powers of Nazism and anti-Semitism were countered and made futile (Bankier 373). In 1933, Nazi’s expanded powers were able to dissolve the Reichsvertretung organization established by the German Jewish community. Nazi was able to implement a political notion preventing any establishment of organization against to the ideologies of anti-Semitism and Nazism. As supported by Bankier (2000), any attempts made to counter the existing movements of Nazism and anti-Semitism were, by default, considered as an attack against the dictatorial government (373). German Jewish community was not able to resist the impending threats of Hitler’s campaigns. Incidence of Jewish persecution began to rise and the powers of the Jewish community against the Nazi were eventually oppressed. According to Herf (2006), Hitler and his Nazi movement were aware of the wide influences of the existing middle- and upper-class German Jews; hence, in order to continue with their plan, they first had to dissolve the powers of German Jewish sect and the community’s political associates (37). Initial attempts made by the Nazis were to strip these German Jews professions from their authorities within the German society. According to Kremer (1989), there were around 300,000 German Jewish professionals immediately terminated from their posts between 1933 and 1934 (93). Hitler aimed his tactics on the professional denominations of German Jews to reduce the risk of forming potential propaganda or organization against the growing Nazi. Following the great number of terminated professionals was the Nazi’s campaigns of emigration for these German Jews fronting the promise of safety. Most German Jews were emigrated from Germany to nearby nations, while some were threatened and persecuted. The persecution of German Jews became the initial step of Nazi’s threats against the overall Jewish community. In 1938, approximately 20,000 German Jews, together with 15,000 Austrian Jews, fought against the Nazi regime (Bankier 376). The persecution of German Jews had triggered the hallmark of German Jewish deportation. In November 1938, approximately 10,000 Jews committed massive suicide as a sign of protest to the Nazi regime (Bankier 376). According to Victor (2000), Hitler delegated some of his commandants, such as Chief Security Main Office Reinhard Heydrich and Hitler’s designated successor Hermann Wilhelm Goring, to facilitate the emigration of German Jews first to Great Britain, then smuggling them towards the Palestine lands (195). According to Rosen and Apfelbaum (2002), German Jews emigrated to Poland were placed under the jurisdictions of Soviet Union and German camps situated within the area. German Jews emigrated to the concentration camps of Siberia known as Gulag had been held as capitalists. The Soviet Union did not murder any single Jew under their jurisdiction and, with Communism being against other religion, anti-Semitism and the Jew’s Zionist movement were collapsed (Rosen and Apfelbaum 12). After the Poland attacks in September 1939, World War II was officially ignited within the Western parts of Europe spreading across other nations. During the same year, 3. 5 million Jews were placed under totalitarian rule (Rosen and Apfelbaum 12). After the attack on Poland, Goring and Heydrich reported to Hitler stating the closure of emigration for German Jews because Poland had refused accepting the emigrated Jews; hence, a deportation back to Germany was initiated by Heydrich (Victor 195). Emigration of German Jews was halted in Hitler’s order. Instead, these individuals were placed into exile and shipped to different German concentration camps. b. Different Scenarios of Persecution During the plot establishment of Nazi’s anti-Jewish campaign, the hardest part was defining the coverage of their campaign. According to Cesarani and Kavanaugh (2004), Nazi’s transition from demagogic campaign to anti-Semitism was confused by the issue on whether they need to include German Jewish community in their plot of anti-Jewish activities (239). German Jews community comprised 3,400 registered mixed marriages in 1932 alone, and this population denomination was called German Jewish Mischlinge (Cesarani and Kavanaugh 239). According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), German Jews had experienced anti-Jewish campaigns as early as 1933 with the implementation of the Nazi’s largest anti-Jewish boycott. After two years, the approved Nuremberg laws deprived Jewish community of their appropriate citizenship, which prohibited most of the Jews social rights, such as marriage, sexual relations and professional affiliations (Shapiro 286). From 1935 up to 1938, German Jews experienced intense persecutions from all sides of German society. On November 9, 1938, the murderous anti-Jewish campaign began. According to the recovered news report, entitled Nazi Terror Presaged on Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) dated November 9, 1938, approximately twenty thousand German Jews were emigrated to the Polish frontier just to be denied by the Poland government and to be reduced to poverty (cited in Slater and Slater 192). The scope of Hitler’s anti-Jewish campaign included all kinds of Jewish denomination comprising the high population of Mischlinge. According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), the night of November 9 marked the murder of ninety-one Jews living in Germany, three-hundred were arrested unconditionally, and seventy-five Jewish-owned businesses burned and vandalized (400). The year of 1938 became the marked starting year of the German Jews’ intensive persecution implemented by the Nazi Germans. After the incidents of 1938’s Crystal Night, the German Jews did not receive any justice or support from the dictatorial Germany. Under the influence of Nazi’s anti-Jewish campaigns, German Jews were banned from many public establishments and various social rights (e. g. obtaining driver’s license, owning business permits, etc. ). In 1939, after Germany’s attacks on Western Europe and Poland invasion, Hitler announced his Final Solution for freeing Germany from the Jewish population. According to Victor (2000), the final solution of Hitler was to kill and/or deport German Jews and the existing Jewish community (195). This was the formal inauguration of Hitler’s worldwide plot of Jewish annihilation. Prominent German Jews, such as politicians, scientists, journalists, composers, actors, religious leaders and teachers were forced into exile in the Nazi’s effort of destroying the Jewish culture existing in Germany (Wright, Ager and Hantrais et al. 17). By September 1939, mass killings on Polish Jews and exile of German Jews by death squads had increased its number. Immediately in 1940, the killings were followed by annihilation of German Jews and Jewish patients in all German hospitals (Victor 196). According to Rosen and Apfelbaum (2002), in 1940, the Nazis implemented their ghettoization scheme wherein Jews present in German concentration camps were placed tightly inside the Nazi-established Ghetto gathering them around prior to massive execution (12). During this time, Nazi was also gathering all the riches and properties left by the German Jews. By November 1940, all collections of Jews from Germany and Poland were starved to death as ordered by Hitler himself (Victor 196). Killing campaigns against the Jewish community had reached the extreme extent of murdering Jews on a daily basis (Rosen and Apfelbaum 12). Small Jewish villages found by the Nazis were immediately dissolved, while captivated dues were immediately sent to concentration camps to participate in the Nazi’s ghettoization scheme. According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), German Jews shipped in one of the famous Nazi concentration camps – Auschwitz – reached the count of 43,103 from the overall Jewish demographics of 139,606 present in the said area (401). Within the concentration camps and Nazi ghettos, Jews were sorted accordingly depending on their field of profession and capacity to work. Some of the famed Nazi machines used by the Nazi to annihilate Jewish communities were their automotive exhaust vans fillies with Zyklon B (cyanide) and man-made death camps with installed human incarcerations and cyanide showers (Victor 197). Since elderly and female population were less active and functional compared to the males, they were gathered inside the ghettos and suffered extermination from the Nazi machines (Wyman and Rosenzveig 401). Meanwhile, according to Rosen and Apfelbaum (2002), there were around 15,000 Jewish children from German emigrants incarcerated at Auschwitz concentration camp, and from this number, only 100 survived (14). The efforts of the Nazi to wipe out the entire Jewish lineage had brutally affected the Jews living in the Germany from elders to children of every gender. Fortunately, with the early emigration campaigns of Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler (the proponents of Anti-Jewish campaign – Final Solution); majority of the German Jews had escaped the claws of Hitler. However, the German Jewish community established for 1600 years was greatly damaged to the brink of extinction. c. Post-War Conditions After the implementations of war and anti-Jewish campaigns, Jews from around the world delighted due to their survival from the raging chaos brought by Hitler. According to Geller (2005), the German Jews first enjoyed the emancipation of Jewish community from Nazi’s and German society’s persecutions (2). However, the casualties resulted by the Nazi’s campaigns were intense and almost annihilated the entire community. From the three noted cities of Germany namely (a) Cologne, (b) Dusseldorf and (c) Hanover, the persecutions of Nazis against the German Jews had indeed resulted to a dramatic decline of German Jewish population nationwide. According to 1925 census, there are about 16,000 German Jews living in Cologne, 5,130 living in Dusseldorf – Westphalia and 423,000 in Hanover. However, after the census in August 1945, German Jews survivor from these areas decreased to 40 to 50 Jews hiding at Cologne, 638 Jews from Dusseldorf and 1,200 from Hanover (Lavsky 82). According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), World War II had led to the closure of all Jewish establishments within Germany and almost all on the nearby European countries, while the approximated 3000 Jewish religious organizations were closed and absorbed by the German Imperial Association (401). Casualties of the war involved 160,000 to 180,000 murdered German Jews, while an estimated 8,000 survived the transports, camps and death marches (Wyman and Rosenzveig 401). Jewish survivors found hidden in slaughtered communities and concentration camps were immediately brought to Allied Group’s medical attention. Unfortunately, German Jews found in other areas except for concentration camps were treated discriminately as well due to their German lineage (Kochavi 56). With the help of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and established Allied forces, Jews from these camps were immediately provided with rations and supplies (Wyman and Rosenzveig 401). Discriminations and public conflict against German Jews did not last long. Allied forces had facilitated the return of properties and reestablishment of Jewish communities on areas affected by war. According to Kochavi (2001), western Allies suspended all the passed legislations that discriminated Jews of any denomination in Germany (56). The suspension was for the purpose of remigration and re-establishment of Jewish settlement within the German premises. However, the ideology of anti-Semitism did not end even after the death of Hitler or the war. According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), â€Å"Semitic excesses continued, especially in Poland, where Europe witnessed its last full-scale pogrom against Jews in the town of Kielce in the summer of 1946, forcing thousands to flee to the (Displaced Person) DP camps of Germany† (402). Despite of the existing conflicts in Germany, the Berlin Allied administration aided in the return of the Eastern European refugees, which comprised mostly of German Jews emigrated during post-war, to reestablish Jewish community within Germany (Wyman and Rosenzveig 401). On April 30, 1946, approximately 74,000 German Jews remigrated back to their post-war German community. During this time, the Jewish community started establishing different organizations to help rebuild their community as well as to strengthen the legal and civil rights of Jews of all denominations within Germany. Despite the massive murders, removal of Jewish properties, destruction of their established communities and brutal persecutions, German Jews were able to reestablish their lost heritage within post-war Germany. d. International Relations of Germany during World War II On the other hand, Germany had suffered tremendous notoriety impression worldwide due to the inhumane campaigns brought by Nazi and its leader- Hitler. After the incident of Krisallnacht in November 9, 1938, the United States was immediately alarmed by the chaos caused by the pre-warring activities of Germany. According to the German ambassador in Washington, Hans Dickhoff, American people at that time were indeed incensed against Germany without any single exception (Slater and Slater 194). November 23 of 1938, few days after the Krisallnacht incident, New York protestors conducted a massive demonstration protesting on the massive violence brought by Germany to the Jews. Activities of the Joint Boycott Council were then followed up by Chicago’s protests that led to the burning of the German flag (Slater and Slater 194). During the post-war era, German citizens initially did not acknowledge their committed crimes against the community of Jews. The ideology of anti-Semitism continued from 1946 to 1948 until the election of Konrad Adenauer – the first chancellor of the newly formed Federal Republic (Wyman and Rosenzveig 401). With the leading of Adenauer, policies and regulations were passed to ensure the protection of Jews from possible German persecution, especially from those still in-lines with the anti-Semitic ideology. According to Wyman and Rosenzveig (1996), Denazification began with the Nuremberg tribunal established on November 20, 1945, which was presided by the Allied victors (404). Denazification was initiated by German society with the help of United States, which aimed at fostering the restitution process between the citizens of Germany and the crimes they had committed against the Jewish community. ). III. Conclusion In conclusion, German Jews had indeed suffered their tremendous faith from the hands of the Nazis and Hitler’s direction from 1933 up to 1945 post-war. The persecution against German Jews was due to their increasing participation within the German society, and the extensive riches and powers possessed by this Jewish denomination. With the rise of Nazi in 1933, German Jews became the initial targets of Hitler and his campaigns in order to prevent any establishment of organization oriented against his campaigns. Persecution against German Jews and all other Jewish denominations continued more tolerable Nazi strategies (e. g. massive boycott, vandalism, decline of social rights, etc. ) up to aggressive activities (e. g. murder, decline of Jewish major rights, etc. ). In 1938, German Jewish was emigrated from Germany to Poland, Russia and other nearby European nations. The program of German Jews emigration was facilitated by Reinhard Heydrich and Hermann Wilhelm Goring. However, during the eruption of war in September 1939, emigration of Jews was stopped and, instead of being illegally smuggled into Palestinian countries, German Jews were brought to concentration camps to participate in the extermination activities of German Nazis. After the war, German Jews and other Jewish denominations were reduced to a very small population. Allied forces and United Nations helped in the reestablishment of Jewish community within the German estates by suspending the discriminative legislations approved during the Nazi era. Currently, the population German Jews living in Germany is considered the third largest Jewish denomination existing across the European countries. IV. References Bankier, David. Probing the Depths of German Antisemitism: German Society and the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1941. Germany, London: Berghahn Books, 2000. Cesarani, David, and Sarah Kavanaugh. Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. New York, London: Routledge, 2004.

The Marriott International Incs Development Marketing Essay

The Marriott International Incs Development Marketing Essay The former of the Marriott International Inc was founded by J. Willard Marriott when he and his wife Alice Sheets opened a nine-stool AandW Root Beer stand which they later called The Hot Shoppe in Washington, DC the spring of 1927.It sold hot food such as tamales, chili, and tacos were added to attracting customers during the winter months. In the following few years, with the hot shoppes kept expanding, Marriotts food service had a good development. In 1957, Marriott opened its first hotel which was a 365-room Twin Bridges Motor Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. In 1967 its name was changed from Hot Shoppes, Inc., to Marriott Corporation and J.W. Marriott, Jr., became President and CEO. During the next 26 years, Marriott was developing fast by opening different kinds of hotels to meet the need of people and acquiring other companies. In 1985, J. Willard Marriott passed away and his oldest son J. Willard Bill Marriott, Jr., was named CEO and took over most major responsibilities. Marrio tt International Inc was established formally in 1993 when the former company splits into Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation. With its establishment, Marriott International Inc starts to become a worldwide operator and franchisor of hotels and related lodging facilities step by step. ( http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/culture/heritageTimeline.mi) Today, Marriott International Inc headquarters in the Bethesda area of unincorporated Montgomery County, Maryland. And it is a leading worldwide hospitality company with about 3150 lodging properties located in the United States and 67 other countries and territories. In 2010, its sales is $10,908.00M, And there are 137000 employees in this company. With its excellent business achievement and economic strength, Marriott International Inc has become one of Worlds Fortune 500 for many years. And its rank is 213 in 2010. This big company is still developing and making progress continually. (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/snapshots/10664.html) Marriott International Incs development cant be achieved without the key people in this company. Nowadays, this companys CEO and chairman is J.W. Marriott, Jr. His leadership spans over 50 years, and he has taken Marriott from a family restaurant business to a global lodging company with 3500 properties in 70 countries and territories. Arne M. Sorenson, the president and COO of Marriott International, Inc. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota Law School and of Luther College in Decorah, Iowa. And he joined Marriott in 1996 when he specialized in mergers and acquisitions litigation and now he is responsible for the performance and growth of all of Marriotts worldwide brands and businesses. Marriotts Executive Vice President and CFO is Carl T. Berquist. Mr. Berquist holds a B.S. in accounting from Penn State University and is a member of Penn States Smeal Business Schools Board of Visitors. In 2002, he joined Marriott as a partner at Arthur Andersen LLP. And now Mr. Berquist become the CFO with responsibility for global finance, including financial reporting, project finance, global treasury, corporate tax, internal audit, and investor relations. (http://news.marriott.com/our-leadership.html) Although it has steady growth and profitability every year, Marriott International Incs Mission Statement is still to be the best lodging and food service company in the world. It will achieve this goal by treating employees in ways that create extraordinary customer service and shareholder value. And its Vision Statement is to be the worlds lodging leader. To be the leader, this company keeps focusing on serving the guest, extensive operational knowledge, the development of employees skills, and offering the best lodging brands in the lodging industry. (http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/culture/heritageJWMarriottJR.mi) Marriott international Incs steady growth and profitability is also related to its strategic alliances. Such as Asian American Hotel Owners Association, Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting, Black Culinary Alliance, Gay Lesbian Alliance against Defamation and Hispanic Association of Corporate Responsibility. (http://www.marriott.com/marriott.mi?page=diversity_partners) Acquisitions play an important role during the development of Marriott International Inc. The recent acquisition on Mar 16 2011, Marriott International Inc acquires AC Diplomatic, Barcelona from AC Hotels SA. And later in March 1997, Marriott International acquired Renaissance Hotel Group N.V. for $916 million in cash and the assumption of $54 million in debt. This acquisition is the largest acquisition in Marriott history. (http://www.alacrastore.com/mergers-acquisitions/Marriott_International_Inc-1065110) Section2 Marriots is committed to global diversity to provide services that are above and beyond its customers experience. This strategy and concept has become its blueprint in its marketing plan to match the needs of the customers to the various products and services and provide the best possible experience for their guests during their stays in the hotel. The company is global having three thousand properties in sixty eight different territories and countries by franchising hotels under different brands. Marriotts marketing plan will entail research in the industry to gather critical information and experiences to better generate marketing strategies that would be effective through application of customer care and integrity. Cost leadership and product differentiation has been integrated at Marriotts which offers different brands either luxurious or moderate to fit various clients needs http://www.marriottconsulting.com/planning_services.php#business_plans Standard packages in service and products provide a more variety to the different atmospheres created by the different products offered by Marriotts. Other parameters must be included in the marketing plan like the marketing concept, product lifecycle and focus strategies that are important to guide a hotels marketing plan. The Hotels entry and foundation in the market place plays a major role in its marketing plan by detailing its goals, marketing objectives and the necessary factors to consider while implementing its marketing plan processes. Marriotts marketing strategies are geared towards the plan of maintaining its tradition of cherished service through the hotel brands to elevate guests stays, thus accomplishing its overall marketing objectives. http://www.academicwritingtips.org/component/content/article/35-social-sciences/562-marriot-hotel.html Our company met previous goals. Marriott International fourth-quarter net profit of 173 million, Marriott International Hotel Management Group, the fourth-quarter net profit of 1.73 billion U.S. dollars, earnings per share were 46 cents, this performance better than last year. The fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009, Marriott International hotel management group net profit of 1.06 billion U.S.evenue was 36.4 billion U.S. dollars, 3.38 billion higher than the same period last year dollars. Marriott International Hotel Management Group, the fourth-quarter adjusted earnings of 39 cents per share, exceeding analysts had expected. Market research firm FactSet Research survey, analysts on average expected to Marriott International hotel management group for the fourth quarter of 36 cents per share on revenue of $ 3,580,000,000. http://sandiego.jobing.com/catering-sales-manager-courtyard-by-marriott-old-town/job/2710752 Marriotts commitment to society blends corporate financial contributions with in-kind giving and the volunteer service of our associates around the world. We participate in efforts to provide shelter, food, and childrens health, while creating career opportunities for our associates in the workplace and supporting education in the hospitality industry. http://www.marriott.com/corporate-social-responsibility/corporate-values.mi Marriotts environmental vision is to demonstrate that corporate responsibility in hospitality management can be a positive force for the environment while creating economic opportunities around the world. Marriott International has expanded its goals for its Diversity Outreach Initiative with a $1-billion pledge to minority-and women-owned suppliers over the next four years, relationships with four newly signed minority- and women-owned and managed financial services firms, and a plan to double the number of minority owners and franchisees in five years http://www.resource-recycling.com/rr_conference/hotelandtravel.html Section3 Marriott International Inc. is a participant in the Lodging industry. But it is not only a participant but also a leader. Its industry is stable and keeping growing everyday. Marriott International Inc. has been earning strong profits recently, even through comparable periods last year. With the improvement of economy and room rates have bolstered the industry. Figures from a recent report show that average daily rates revenue per room, and occupancy for U.S. hotels all increased during the first week of 2011. Expansion from the ground up, as well as through acquisitions, has been going on in South and Central America, as well as in China and India. With a growing middle class in India and China, MAR meet the need for increased accommodation in the area. As the economy continues to recover, the Lodging industry will be hoping to continue to develop fast. So MAR will be full of motivation and energy to develop. Whether in China or the world, the service quality, advanced technology, and services of Marriott International advanced the worlds first hotel group. Which has won wide public recognition and customers a high degree of trust? Marriott launched a number of brands through market segmentation for different market segments: they are Marriott, JW Marriott, Ritz-Carlton, Renaissance, Courtyard, Ritz-Carlton, Ramada and other hotel brands. Marriott has its own characteristics and different market positions. For example, a luxury-class hotel is JW Marriott, Marriott and Renaissance hotels w ith a high quality, but the brand image of the Renaissance is more flexible. Marriott Executive Apartments is the market for long-term accommodation. Courtyard is for mid-range market. (http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/marriott-rewards/139599-marriott-reluctant-reward-program-participant.html) Marriott hotels, resort hotels and suites are for upscale, full-service hotels. Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company is the high consumption-oriented class, which it is able to provide the best facilities, food and service symbol. Ramada is a high-quality mid-priced brand, mainly for business and sightseeing tourists. (http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/glance.mi) Marriott international competitors have begun doing so more pro-actively. The industry of hotels is highly fragmented. Competition with hotels is generally based on the quality of rooms, restaurants, meeting facilities and services, attractiveness of locations, availability of a global distribution system, price and other factors. There are 3 competitors of Marriott international: Hilton Hotels: Hilton is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world. It is primarily involved in the management and development of hotels across the globe. Initially Hilton focused on acquiring and owning more real estate. However, it has recently changed its growth strategy, and it now focuses on spreading its operations through franchisees. InterContinental Hotels: IHG is the largest hotel company by number of rooms, with 590,361 rooms in over 100 countries around the world. It operates a diverse portfolio of brands across multiple economic segments, including Intercontinental Hotels and Resorts. Crowned Plaza Hotels and Resorts, Holiday Inn, and Holiday Inn Express. Orient-Express Hotels: Orient-Express Hotels is a hotel and leisure group, which is focused on the luxury market. The company owns and operates luxury hotels, restaurants, tourist trains, and river cruises in over 25 countries. (http://www.dailyfinance.com/company/marriott-international-inc) The ways to counter the competition: Marriott prefer to use multi-brand strategy to meet the needs of different market segments Marriott for different market segments successfully launched a series of brand They has been struggling to improve the service details and content, customers will be related to differences in the details of effective records, as well as the attitude of its staff and overall good quality Marriotts corporate culture summed up as: Marriotts staff to create a practical action for the guests to experience the service, its purpose is to serve the people. Marriott full play the enthusiasm of employees and retain talent, and attaches great importance to the role of human resources (http://www.academicwritingtips.org/component/content/article/35-social-sciences/562-marriot-hotel.html) As we all know, Marriott face large competition. So they should invest in research and development. Here are their investments: 1 Project construction area of over 20,000 square meters, is expected to invest over 100 million Yuan, the construction of a 16-story, 300 or more rooms of the modern high-star hotels. 2 Marriott said its hotel owners and new franchise partners will invest a total of $ 190,000,000 bed. 3 1.5 billion of investment in large projects settled Marriott International Ming Shan Hall Here are Marriotts ways to promote their products or services. 1. Know your Hotel: You must be a product expert for both your hotel and your competitors. 2. Prime Selling Time: Adhere to prime selling hours, by market, and ensure those hours are dedicated to pure selling activities and customer interaction. 3. Access to Manager: No Messages on any enquiries, even if the General Manager has to take the call. 4. Customer Rapport: All transactions with customers and sales activities demonstrate our desire to know them and build relationships. 5. Determine Customer Needs: You must determine objectives of event, definition of event success and qualitative decision-making criteria in addition to quantitative dates, rates and space.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Marriotts advantages in its area are that Marriott Hotel: Marriott Hotel was at the service management group, the basic philosophy of people serving people, which has two aspects: fair treatment of every employee, while focusing on the feelings of employees, so that they understand home feeling. Marriott nearly 50% of managers are promoted from within the company, the companys job vacancies to give priority to internal staff, only no suitable internal candidate before hiring from the community, and outside recruitment, salary levels provided by the general high the industry average of 50% to 75%. The hotel is a typical service industry, Marriott that only a good company to employees, employees will be good guests. There are five systems to ensure its Marriott Hotel in the real implementation of its people at the service concept. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_International) How does the Marriott Internet develop so fast and Marriott will what the situation introduced new brand or new product on-line? The answer is: when its through in the hotel market survey found there is enough, not yet fill blank or the demand is not fully satisfy customer demand, the company will launch when demand for these new products or services this means that companies need to continuously for customer demand research. Through the analysis can be found, Marriott, the core competences lie in her customer survey and customer knowledge, Marriott will be applied to all this from fair hotel to li jia all hotel brand. So, Marriotts superiorities are not Hotel management, but the customer knowledge acquisition, processing and management. Marriott has been committed to seek it the gaps between different brands. If the investigation shows that some segments of the market has enough targeted customers need some new product or service features, so Marriott will ascend product or service to meet customer new demand; If the survey shows that in one subdivision target audience, many people to a range of different characteristics have needs, Marriott will put these people as a new customer group and developed a new brand. Marriott international company provides beneficial for brand development thinking. For an existing product or service for, new features added to what extent is only necessary to ascend? And to what extent can create a new brand? The answer is: when additional features can create a kind of new things and can attract different target customer, you will have the product or service ascension or brand new born. Marriott company announced the development of the elastic suite this brand of practice is a good example. At the time, Marriott will elastic suite price at $75 between 95 and plans to March 1, 1999, 14 home built in when the two years later add 55 house. Elastic suite fair suite and fair suite originally is fair hotel part. Male was founded in 1997, at the time, the Wall Street journal is so describe the fair suite: capacious but lack adornment, toilet no door, sitting room of the shop is linoleum, its pricing is 75 dollars. In fact, people who are sensitive to the price and terms, this suite are fair in the hotel room of the sample more spacious. The question is: fair suite customers may not like linoleum, and are willing to pay for decorate a bit better room some more money. Hence, Marriott by increasing the ironing board and other pleasant thing to change fair suite image, and through laying carpet, adding the fireplace and breakfast room to improve the sitting room conditions. T hrough these aspects of ascension, Marriott hotel clued into the new batch of target customers emphasizing value buyers. But later, Marriott found fairness suite of the ascension is not always effective, price sensitive type customers dont want, and pay attention to value its customers and the pig. Hence, Marriott consider fair suite convert elastic suites, and restart the customer market segmentation. By measuring, Marriott got this data: relative to price sensitive type customers as fair suite brings the income, those who pay attention to the customer value for elastic suite at least $5 more income. In a competitive market segment for product promotion, we must pay special attention acquire and maintaining customers. For the price sensitive type customers, you must undertake product or service to avoid they turn to the ascension of competitors. Without competition or no foreseeable competition exists, then there is no need for ascension. In fact, competition often always exist, the key is to adopt necessary ascension to ensure that competitive advantage. Face price sensitive type customer, too much room doesnt help fair hotel create a competitive advantage. For China, we can learn a lot from the Marriott. Usually, hotel business income can be divided into three parts, one is relatively stable guest room, it is the hotel accommodation income that came with the catering business income, and three is including offices, shops, apartment rent and entertainment business, miscellaneous income each. Now, with all kinds of office buildings, shops, apartment hotel time, a lot of the fat, the hotel by wantonly robbed in this competition, almost crumbled; in big cities is entertainment speaking, the entertainment blossom everywhere, hotel entertainment income is increasingly atrophy. For example, 2000 Guangzhous biggest garden hotel total operating income is RMB 4.1 billion, compared with 1996 garden hotel revenue 5.4 billion, short four years time, incredibly shrunk more than 24 percent. The garden hotel general manager LiaoMingHua some helplessly say, we pulled out all the way, but the garden hotel business performance is still in step by step and sliding into deep In 2000, the China hotel reve nue is 3.9 billion, the white swan hotel revenue for 3 million, compared to 1996 5.2 million and 3.4 million, in a big shock, and Oriental hotel and international hotels performance is also down dramatically. 2001 is attempting to rumors China industry has been the United States has a good hotel in hotel management ability of the Marriott hotel management group purchase; this makes Guangzhou hotel industry sticker shock. China hotel, said to the outside of the top hotel management control only by Hong Kong new world change, in order to Marriott hotel shareholders did not change, the more there is no takeover, said. It is reported, China hotel grunde Hong Kong new world hotel limited company management, but from the beginning of the change in 2001 by Marriott management, accordingly, Marriott hotel every year from China, turnover extracted from 2.5 percentage points in return. With Chinas eventual entry into the WTO, the famous hotel groups like Sheraton, Hilton, west in brand has an grily blew the trumpets into Chinas hotel industry, the international brand and local hotels exchange unavoidable. Domestic even heavyweight hotel even so big alligator, other colleagues situation can be seen, international and domestic hotel gap also therefore! In fact, the biggest gap between Chinese and foreign hotel management, especially in it is the management strategy of the brand as the core. China hotel industry wants to win in the competition and obtain continuous development, it is necessary to learn modestly from foreign peer learning and solid improve their management level. Marriotts approach is to provide some new ideas for us? Nowadays, the hospitality industry is same as consumer goods is undergoing drastic changes. As a hotel operator, you must always ask yourself: I am ready to compete in upgrading of product or service in order to protect their market, or prepare for new segments of the market to develop new product? If choose the former, pay attention to product or service, thus reduces ascension is not incremental cost, because the existing customers often dont want to pay more. If choose the latter, new product or service must contain many new targeted customers expect things, further says, is the need to have a different brand this brand wont impact the original brand, and new customers can accept this new product or service and are willing to pay higher prices. Marriott hotel through creating elastic suite successfully will a make price sensitive type dissatisfied customers mode is transformed into a emphasizing value customer mode, it is a typical case. Section4 MARRIOTT REVENUES totaled $11.7 billion in 2010 compared to $10.9 billion in 2009. Total fees in 2010 were $1,185 million, an increase of 9 percent from the prior year. Stronger base management and franchise fees reflected the increase in worldwide REVPAR and unit growth across the system. Incentive management fees increased 18 percent reflecting higher property-level profit due to worldwide REVPAR increases and continued cost control, as well as international unit growth. For full year 2010, 27 percent of company-operated hotels earned incentive management fees compared to 25 percent in the prior year. Approximately two-thirds of incentive management fees came from hotels outside North America in both 2010 and 2009 BALANCE SHEET : At year-end 2010, total debt was $2,829 million and cash balances totaled $505 million, compared to $2,298 million in debt and $115 million of cash at year-end 2009. Adjusting for the debt associated with securitized Timeshare mortgage notes now required to be consolidated under new accounting rules, adjusted total debt, net of cash, totaled $1,308 million, a decline of $875 million since year-end 2009. At year-end 2010, Marriott had no borrowings outstanding under its $2.4 billion revolving bank credit facility Google: http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Travel_Biz/80829_Marriott_International_Announces_Plan_to_Spin_Off_Timeshare_Business_/ 29 March 2011 The stock price of the company and major competitors: Key Stats  MARMore Stock Ind Avg Price/Earnings TTM 29.6 41.8 Price/Book 8.3 3.3 Price/Sales TTM 1.2 1.8 Rev Growth (3 Yr Avg) -3.5 -3.1 EPS Growth (3 Yr Avg) -11.3 Operating Margin % TTM 5.9 7.7 Net Margin % TTM 3.9 2.9 ROE TTM 33.6 5.8 Debt/Equity 1.9 1.0 Top Marriott International, Inc. Competitors Companies Location Accor SA Évry,  France Hilton Worldwide, Inc. McLean,  VA InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Denham,  Buckinghamshire Competitor on file Minnetonka,  MN Competitor on file Toronto,  ON Competitor on file Spartanburg,  SC Competitor on file Chicago,  IL Competitor on file New York,  NY Competitor on file Boca Raton,  FL Competitor on file White Plains,  NY Competitor on file Phoenix,  AZ Competitor on file Silver Spring,  MD Google: http://www.hoovers.com/company/Marriott_International_Inc/hjfkxi-1-1njea3.html 29 March 2011 But what happened to the stock prices and why, this is because Marriott Internationals asset-light business model, premier brands, and experienced management team have helped the firm carve out a narrow economic moat. Although 2009 was challenging, the travel market  has stabilized and a slow recovery  has taken hold. In our opinion, Marriotts long-term prospects remain bright. Google: http://quote.morningstar.com/Stock/s.aspx?t=MAR 29 March 2011 And what the company will be in the future, The companys 2011 full year guidance assumes that the spin-off of the Timeshare segment does not occur in the current year and does not include pro forma adjustments or transaction expenses.    For the full year 2011, the company expects a strong pricing environment. The company assumes full year 2011 systemwide REVPAR on a constant dollar basis will increase 6 to 8 percent in North America, outside North America and on a worldwide basis. The company expects to open approximately 35,000 rooms in 2011 as most hotels expected to open are already under construction or undergoing conversion from other brands. Given these assumptions, full year 2011 fee revenue could total $1,310 million to $1,340 million and owned, leased, corporate housing and other revenue, net of direct expense, could total $115 million to $125 million. The company estimates that, on a full year basis, one point of worldwide systemwide REVPAR impacts total fees by approximately $15 million pretax and owned, leased, corporate housing and other revenue, net of direct expense, by approximately $5 million pretax. The company expects 2011 Timeshare contract sales to be in line with 2010 adjusted levels. The company expects its 2011 general and administrative costs to increase 3 to 5 percent over 2010 adjusted levels reflecting increased spending for brand initiatives and higher costs in international growth markets. The company expects investment spending in 2011 will total approximately $500 million to $700 million, including $50 million to $100 million for maintenance capital spending. Investment spending will also include other capital expenditures (including property acquisitions), new mezzanine financing and mortgage notes, contract acquisition costs, and equity and other investments. Based upon the assumptions above, full year 2011 EBITDA is expected to total $1,170 million to $1,230 million, a 12 to 18 percent increase over the prior years adjusted EBITDA. Google: http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Travel_Biz/80829_Marriott_International_Announces_Plan_to_Spin_Off_Timeshare_Business_/ 29 March 2011 A financial advisor said about the companys stock as an investment. Marriott International Inc.s shares slipped 2.2% premarket to 36.80% after Goldman Sachs lowers its stock-investment rating on the hotel operator to neutral from buy, where it has been since January 2009. Goldman remains bullish on the hotel sector, but says valuation of Marriotts timeshare unit, which it is spinning off, is creating a drag. Goldman says the timeshare division may produce lower margin than expected and units earnings are more cyclical, meaning the remaining hotel entity multiple would have to expand dramatically to offset the possible dilution of the spinoff. Google: http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/03/28/hot-stocks-this-morning-nokia-alcatel-lucent-and-many-more/ 29 March 2011